Effects of high-intensity interval training and its different protocols on lipid profile and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its different protocols versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or control on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, HbA1c levels, and fasting glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The search strategy was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Sport DISCUS, and PEDro, until January 2023. A total of 31 studies (1092 individuals) were included. When compared to control, HIIT decreased total cholesterol by -0.31 mmol/L (95% CI -0.49; -0.12), LDL by -0.31 mmol/L (95% CI -0.49; -0.12), triglycerides by -0.27 mmol/L (95% CI -0.33; -0.2), HbA1c by -0.75% (95% CI -0.97; -0.53), fasting glucose by -1.15 mmol/L (95% CI -1.44; -0.86), and increased HDL by 0.24 mmol/L (95% CI 0.06; 0.42). No difference was found in the comparison between HIIT versus MICT for any of the outcomes analysed, however subgroup analysis showed that a moderate-interval (>30s to < 2 min) and moderate-term (>4 to < 12 weeks) HIIT protocol reduced total cholesterol, when compared to MICT. HIIT is able to improve lipid profile and glycaemic control in T2DM individuals, and specific protocols can be recommended for improving total cholesterol levels.

Effect of foam rolling recovery on pain and physical capacity after resistance exercises: A randomized crossover trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of passive recovery (PR), active recovery (AR), and recovery through self-massage with the aid of foam rolling (FRR) on pain and physical capacity in healthy volunteers after a resistance exercise (RE) session. METHODS: The sample of this randomized crossover trial comprised 37 physically healthy men who underwent three sessions of RE (squat, leg press, and leg extension), involving four sets of 10 repetitions with 80% of 10MR, with an interval of seven days between sessions. PR consisted of sitting for 20min, AR included a cycle ergometer for 20min at 50% maximum heart rate, and FRR involved 10 repetitions per target body area, followed by 1min rest. Variables of physical capacity (strength, power, agility, joint range of motion, flexibility, speed, and fatigue resistance) were assessed 1h after RE, whereas pain was assessed 24h, 48h, and 72h after RE. RESULTS: In the dominant lower limb, the percentage of strength decreased (p < 0.001) by 16.3% after RE but improved (p < 0.001) by 5.2% after AR and FRR in relation to PR. Similar results were observed in the non-dominant lower limb. Agility was enhanced (p < 0.001) by 3.6% in AR and 4.3% in FRR compared with the baseline assessment. The recoveries for the other physical variables were similar. Only FRR reduced (p < 0.001) pain at 24h (22.8%), 48h (39.2%), and 72h (59.7%) compared to PR. CONCLUSIONS: Self-massage using a foam roll reduced pain and improved agility and muscle strength during recovery after exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04201977.

Vitamin E Does not Favor Recovery After Exercises: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This review aimed to verify the effects of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, muscle damage, soreness, and strength in healthy adults after exercise. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science from inception to August 2023, with no language restrictions. We included randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the supplementation of vitamin E on the abovementioned outcomes after a bout of physical exercise in healthy participants (no restriction for publication year or language). Meta-analyses were conducted to compare vitamin E and placebo supplementations to obtain a 95% confidence interval (95%IC). Twenty studies were included (n=298 participants). The effect of supplementation was assessed between 0 h and 96 h after the exercise. Compared to placebo, vitamin E had no effects on lipid (95%IC= -0.09 to 0.42), protein (-2.44 to 3.11), SOD (-1.05 to 0.23), interleukin-6 (-0.18 to 1.16), creatine kinase (-0.33 to 0.27), muscle soreness (-1.92 to 0.69), and muscle strength (-1.07 to 0.34). Heterogeneity for the analyses on carbonyls, interleukin-6 (1 h and 3 h), and muscle soreness ranged between 70 to 94%. Supplementing with vitamin E should not be recommended to support the recovery process in healthy individuals after exercise, given the lack of efficacy in the analyzed variables following an exercise session.

Pilates vs aerobic training effects in hypertensives: randomized trial / Efectos del pilates vs entrenamiento aeróbico en hipertensos: ensayo aleatorizado / Efeitos do pilates vs treinamento aeróbio em hipertensos: ensaio randomizado

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Pilates method (PM) combines slow-deep breathing with strengthening and stretching exercises. However, it has been proposed as a method of physical conditioning for several decades and only recently aroused academic/scientific interest, with few reports of the effects of this intervention in hypertensive patients. Objective: to compare PM to aerobic training (AT) effects on hypertensive subjects' blood pressure (BP), functional capacity and autonomic balance. Methods: Twenty-four hypertensive subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: ATG performed three 40 min sessions/week, moderate intensity (40-70% of reserve HR), and PMG performed two 60 min sessions/week; both during the same eight weeks period. Blood pressure (casual and for 24 hours), 6-minute walking test (6-MWT) and autonomic balance were evaluated before and after intervention. Results: There was a reduction on systolic BP (SBP, p=0.007), diastolic (p=0.032) and mean blood pressure (MBP, p=0.016), measured on 24h, on PMG. There was also a 24h SBP reduction on ATG (p=0.021). The PMG had a greater reduction on 24h SBP (-3.4 mmHg, 95% CI -6.6 to -0.2) and MBP (-3.3 mmHg, 95% CI -6.3 to -0.3) than the ATG. ATG held a longer distance in 6-MWT. Casual BP and autonomic balance had no difference. Conclusion: This PM protocol was superior to AT on BP monitored for 24 hours in hypertensive subjects, but AT was better for functional capacity. The eight weeks of training were not enough to change the autonomic balance. Level of Evidence: I; High-quality randomized clinical trial with or without statistically significant difference, but with narrow confidence intervals.

RESUMEN Introducción: el método Pilates (MP) combina la respiración lenta-profunda con ejercicios de fortalecimiento y estiramiento. Aunque se ha propuesto como un método de acondicionamiento físico durante varias décadas, solo recientemente despertó interés académico/científico, con pocos reportes de los efectos de esta intervención en pacientes hipertensos. Objetivo: comparar los efectos del MP con el entrenamiento aeróbico (EA) sobre la presión arterial (PA), la capacidad funcional y el equilibrio autónomo en sujetos hipertensos. Métodos: Veinticuatro sujetos hipertensos fueron asignados aleatoriamente en dos grupos: GEA realizó tres sesiones de 40 min/semana, intensidad moderada (40-70% de la FC de reserva), y GMP realizó dos sesiones de 60 min/semana; ambos durante el mismo período de 8 semanas. La presión arterial (casual y durante 24 horas), la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos y el equilibrio autonómico se evaluaron antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Hubo una reducción de la PA sistólica (PAS, p = 0,007), diastólica (p = 0,032) y presión arterial media (PAM, p = 0,016), medida a las 24 h, en GMP. También hubo una reducción de PAS en 24 h en GEA (p = 0,021). El GMP tuvo una mayor reducción en la PAS de 24 h (-3,4 mmHg, CI del 95%: -6,6 a -0,2) y la PAM (-3,3 mmHg, CI del 95%: -6,3 a -0,3) que la GEA. GEA mantuvo una mayor distancia en la prueba de marcha de 6 minutos. La PA casual y el equilibrio autónomo no tuvieron diferencias. Conclusión: Este protocolo de MP fue superior al EA en la PA monitoreada durante 24 horas en sujetos hipertensos, pero el EA fue mejor para la capacidad funcional. Las ocho semanas de entrenamiento no fueron suficientes para cambiar el equilibrio autonómico. Nivel de Evidencia: I; Estudio clínico aleatorizado de alta calidad con o sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa, pero con intervalos de confianza estrechos.

RESUMO Introdução: O método Pilates (MP) combina respiração lenta e profunda com exercícios de fortalecimento e alongamento. Embora tenha sido proposto como método de condicionamento físico por várias décadas, só recentemente despertou-se o interesse acadêmico/científico, com poucos relatos dos efeitos dessa intervenção em hipertensos. Objetivos: comparar os efeitos do MP com o treinamento aeróbio (TA) sobre a pressão arterial (PA), capacidade funcional e equilíbrio autonômico em hipertensos. Métodos: Vinte e quatro hipertensos foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: O grupo GTA realizou três sessões de 40 min/semana, intensidade moderada (40-70% da FC de reserva), e o grupo GMP, que realizou duas sessões de 60 min/semana; ambos durante o mesmo período de 8 semanas. A pressão arterial (casual e após 24 horas), o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) e o equilíbrio autonômico foram avaliados antes e depois da intervenção. Resultados: Houve redução da PA sistólica (PAS, p = 0,007), diastólica (p = 0,032) e da pressão arterial média (PAM, p = 0,016), medida em 24h, sem GMP. Também houve redução da PAS em 24h no GTA (p = 0,021). O GMP teve uma redução maior em 24h PAS (-3,4 mmHg, IC 95% -6,6 a -0,2) e PAM (-3,3 mmHg, IC 95% -6,3 a -0,3) do que o GTA. O GTA manteve uma maior distância no TC6. A PA casual e o equilíbrio autonômico não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Conclusão: Este protocolo de MP foi superior ao TA na PA monitorada por 24 horas em hipertensos, porém o TA foi superior para a capacidade funcional. As oito semanas de treinamento não foram suficientes para alterar o equilíbrio autonômico. Nível de Evidência: 1; Estudo clínico randomizado de alta qualidade com ou sem diferença estatisticamente significativa, mas com intervalos de confiança estreitos.

Effectiveness of Interventions Aimed at Changing Movement Patterns in People With Patellofemoral Pain: A Systematic Review With Network Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effectiveness of interventions for changing movement during weight-bearing functional tasks in people with patellofemoral pain (PFP). DESIGN: Systematic review with network meta-analysis (NMA). LITERATURE SEARCH: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception up to May 2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials involving people with PFP and nonsurgical, nonpharmacological interventions on task kinematics were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: NMA was conducted for frontal knee movement data, and pairwise meta-analysis was used to pool data when NMA was not possible. Reduced movements were those changes that indicated movements occurring with less amplitude. The GRADE approach was used to grade the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS: Thirty-seven trials were included (n = 1235 participants). Combining knee/hip exercises with internal feedback had the strongest effect on reducing frontal knee movements (standardized mean difference [SMD] from NMA = -2.66; GRADE: moderate evidence). On pairwise comparisons, the same combination of interventions reduced frontal hip movements (SMD = -0.47; GRADE: moderate evidence) and increased sagittal knee movements (SMD = 1.03; GRADE: moderate evidence), with no effects on sagittal hip movements (GRADE: very low evidence), compared to knee/hip exercises alone. There was no effect for single applications of braces on the frontal knee movement (GRADE: very low evidence) and taping on movements of the knee, hip, and ankle (GRADE: very low to low evidence) compared to no intervention. CONCLUSION: Knee/hip exercises combined with internal feedback techniques may change knee and hip movements in people with PFP. The combination of these interventions can reduce frontal knee and hip movements, and can increase sagittal knee movements. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(12):1-13. Epub 14 September 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11956.

Anthropometric measurements and their association with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the association of anthropometric measurements with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with individuals with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 kg/m2 and < 30 kg/m2, low to intermediate global cardiovascular risk scores, and aged ≥ 18 and < 60 years. We assessed the sociodemographic data, anthropometric variables (body weight, height, circumferences of the waist [WC], neck [NC], hip [HC], sagittal abdominal diameter [SAD], [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]), biochemical parameters (lipid profile and nitric oxide), endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD], by ultrasound), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the amplification index [AIx@75] by oscillometry). Thirty-six individuals were included, 18 eutrophic and 18 with overweight, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 10.2 years, mostly at low cardiovascular risk (86.1%), female (80.6%), single (52.8%), employed with formal contracts (44.4%), and with over twelve years of education (88.9%). Results: The PWV presented positive and moderate correlation with the WC (r = 0.584; P = 0.001), WHR (r = 0.513; P = 0.001), and WHtR (r = 0.590; P = 0.001), and positive and low correlation with the NC (r = 0.372; P = 0.013) and SAD (r = 0.356; P = 0.033). Moreover, no anthropometric parameter presented a correlation with the AIx@75 or the FMD percentage in the total sample. Conclusion: Our findings show that in eutrophic individuals and with overweight the WC, WHR, WHtR, SAD, and NC were positively correlated with the PWV but not to the endothelial function in the overall sample. These are hypothesis-generating findings and they should be replicated in other studies.

Anthropometric measurements and their association with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the association of anthropometric measurements with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with individuals with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 kg/m² and < 30 kg/m², low to intermediate global cardiovascular risk scores, and aged ≥ 18 and < 60 years. We assessed the sociodemographic data, anthropometric variables (body weight, height, circumferences of the waist [WC], neck [NC], hip [HC], sagittal abdominal diameter [SAD], [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]), biochemical parameters (lipid profile and nitric oxide), endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD], by ultrasound), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the amplification index [AIx@75] by oscillometry). Thirty-six individuals were included, 18 eutrophic and 18 with overweight, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 10.2 years, mostly at low cardiovascular risk (86.1%), female (80.6%), single (52.8%), employed with formal contracts (44.4%), and with over twelve years of education (88.9%). Results: The PWV presented positive and moderate correlation with the WC (r = 0.584; P = 0.001), WHR (r = 0.513; P = 0.001), and WHtR (r = 0.590; P = 0.001), and positive and low correlation with the NC (r = 0.372; P = 0.013) and SAD (r = 0.356; P = 0.033). Moreover, no anthropometric parameter presented a correlation with the AIx@75 or the FMD percentage in the total sample. Conclusion: Our findings show that in eutrophic individuals and with overweight the WC, WHR, WHtR, SAD, and NC were positively correlated with the PWV but not to the endothelial function in the overall sample. These are hypothesis-generating findings and they should be replicated in other studies.

Mechanical hyperalgesia in athletes' shoulder: integrative review / Hiperalgesia mecânica no ombro de atletas: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic shoulder pain in throwing athletes is a common complaint in everyday practice. Despite the growing number of publications, it is unclear whether these athletes have mechanical hyperalgesia associated with pain, which could alter the treatment options undertaken. The aim of the study was to summarize the results of the main evidence found on the pressure pain threshold in the shoulder, to compare these results in athletes of different sports. METHODS: Electronic search via PubMed/Medline, PEDro, SPORTDiscuss, Web of Science and Scielo databases was done verifying studies in English or Portuguese. The keywords: pressure pain threshold; athletes; shoulder; pressure algometry and its derivations were searched in both languages. The articles should have included athletes from sports that use upper limbs and that assess the pressure pain threshold in the shoulder. Five studies were included for analysis. RESULTS: Athletes with shoulder pain had a lower pressure pain threshold. In swimmers, changes in mechanical sensitivity to pain seem to be related to weekly training hours, years of sports practice and age group. Sports competitions apparently have an influence on the reduction of pressure pain threshold in amateur tennis players. CONCLUSION: Swimming athletes have a lower pressure pain threshold and this is related to the volume and time of training in the modality. This variable seems to be sport-dependent, and the absence of a greater number of studies in sports such as tennis and wheelchair basketball limits conclusions on this subject.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor crônica no ombro de atletas arremessadores é uma queixa comum no cotidiano do esporte. Apesar do número crescente de publicações sobre o tema, não está claro se esses atletas apresentam hiperalgesia mecânica associada a dor, o que poderia alterar as abordagens de tratamento realizadas. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi sintetizar os resultados das principais evidências encontradas sobre o limiar de dor a pressão no ombro, comparando estes resultados em esportistas de diversas modalidades. MÉTODOS: Para esta revisão integrativa, as buscas eletrônicas ocorreram nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, PEDro, SPORTDiscuss, Web of Science e Scielo, verificando estudos em inglês ou português. As palavras-chave pressure pain threshold; athletes; shoulder; pressure algometry e suas derivações foram pesquisadas em ambas as linguagens. Os artigos deveriam incluir atletas de esportes com gestos esportivos no membro superior e que avaliassem o limiar de dor a pressão no ombro. Cinco estudos foram incluídos para análise. RESULTADOS: Atletas com dor no ombro apresentaram menor limiar de dor a pressão. Em nadadores, as alterações na sensibilidade mecânica a dor parecem estar relacionadas com horas de treino semanais, anos de prática esportiva e faixa etária. As competições esportivas aparentemente possuem influência na redução do limiar de dor a pressão em tenistas amadores. CONCLUSÃO: Atletas de natação apresentam menor limiar de dor a pressão, o qual se relaciona com o volume e tempo de treinamento na modalidade. Essa variável parece ser esporte-dependente, e a ausência de um maior número de estudos em esportes como tênis e basquete em cadeiras de rodas limita conclusões acerca do assunto. DESTAQUES Dor no ombro é uma condição comum em atletas overhead e atletas com dor no ombro apresentam alterações no limiar de dor a pressão (LDP). Na natação, o LDP parece sofrer influência do volume de treinamento semanal, de anos de prática da modalidade e da faixa etária. Alterações no LDP em tenistas e jogadores de basquete em cadeira de rodas ainda carecem de dados mais conclusivos.

Efeitos da corrente interferencial no sistema nervoso autônomo em voluntários saudáveis: ensaio clínico randomizado / Effects of interferential current on autonomic nervous system in healthy volunteers: randomized clinical trial

Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes frequências moduladas em amplitude (AMF-100Hz e AMF-10Hz) da corrente interferencial (CI) sobre o sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA) de voluntários saudáveis. Trinta voluntários saudáveis (23,7±2,7 anos) foram randomizados em intervenções placebo (desligado), CI com AMF-100Hz e CI com AMF-10Hz. As intervenções foram aplicadas na região ganglionar paravertebral por 30 minutos. O SNA foi avaliado pela variabilidade da frequência cardíaca antes e imediatamente após as intervenções. A intervenção em 10Hz reduziu a atividade simpática em 6% e aumentou a parassimpática em 6%. A intervenção de 100Hz aumentou 12% para a atividade simpática e diminuiu 12% para a atividade parassimpática. A CI altera o equilíbrio autonômico em voluntários saudáveis. 10Hz reduz a atividade simpática e aumenta parassimpático, embora o 100Hz tenha resultados opostos. A CI a 10Hz melhora o equilíbrio autonômico e apresenta efeitos potenciais a serem testados em pacientes hipertensos.

To evaluate the effects of different amplitude-modulated frequency (AMF-100Hz and AMF-10Hz) of the interferential current (IC) on autonomic nervous system (ANS) in healthy volunteers. Thirty healthy volunteers (23.7 ±2.7 years old) were randomized into placebo interventions (turned off), IC with AMF-100Hz and IC with AMF-10Hz. Interventions ware applied in the paravertebral ganglionar region for 30 minutes. ANS evaluated by the heart rate variability before and immediately after the interventions. 10Hz intervention reduced the sympathetic activity in 6% and an increase in the parasympathetic in 6%. 100Hz intervention increased 12% to sympathetic activity and decreased 12% to parasympathetic activity. IC changes the autonomic balance in healthy volunteers. 10Hz reduces the sympathetic activity and increases parasympathetic, although the 100Hz has opposite results. The IC at 10Hz improves the autonomic balance and presents potential effects to be tested in hypertensive patients.

Effects of the breath stacking technique after upper abdominal surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the association of the breath stacking (BS) technique associated with routine physiotherapy on pulmonary function, lung volumes, maximum respiratory pressures, vital signs, peripheral oxygenation, thoracoabdominal mobility, and pain in the surgical incision in patients submitted to upper abdominal surgery during the postoperative period, as well as to analyze BS safety. METHODS: This was a randomized clinical trial involving 34 patients divided into a control group (CG; n = 16), who underwent conventional physiotherapy only, and the BS group (BSG; n = 18), who underwent conventional physiotherapy and BS. Both groups performed two daily sessions from postoperative day 2 until hospital discharge. The primary outcomes were FVC and Vt. The safety of BS was assessed by the incidence of gastrointestinal, hemodynamic, and respiratory repercussions. RESULTS: Although FVC significantly increased at hospital discharge in both groups, the effect was greater on the BSG. Significant increases in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25-75% occurred only in the BSG. There were also significant increases in Ve and Vt in the BSG, but not when compared with the CG values at discharge. MIP and MEP significantly increased in both groups, with a greater effect on the BSG. There was a significant decrease in RR, as well as a significant increase in SpO2 only in the BSG. SpO2 acutely increased after BS; however, no changes were observed in the degree of dyspnea, vital signs, or signs of respiratory distress, and no gastrointestinal and hemodynamic repercussions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: BS has proven to be safe and effective for recovering pulmonary function; improving lung volumes, maximum respiratory pressures, and peripheral oxygenation; and reducing respiratory work during the postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery.

Bilevel positive airway pressure improves the autonomic balance in the postoperative period following cardiac surgery: a randomized trial / Pressão positiva de duplo nível em via aérea melhora o balanço autonômico no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca: ensaio randomizado / La presión positiva de doble nivel en las vías respiratorias mejora el equilibrio autonómico posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca: un ensayo aleatorizado

ABSTRACT The use of bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) has repercussions on cardiorespiratory outcomes. However, the literature still lacks analyses of the postoperative influence of BiPAP on the modulation of the autonomic nervous system after cardiac surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of BiPAP on peripheral oxygen saturation, vital signs, and autonomic balance during hospitalization after cardiac surgery. This randomized controlled trial evaluated 36 patients before and after surgery. The BiPAP group was treated in two 20-minute daily sessions of routine physical therapy since 18 hours after surgery until discharge. The control group received routine physical therapy during the same period. Our primary outcome was peripheral oxygen saturation. Secondary outcomes were vital signs and autonomic balance evaluated by heart rate variability. We observed that peripheral oxygen saturation and blood pressure were unaffected at hospital discharge. Both groups showed a similar increase in heart and respiratory rates. The BiPAP group showed a reduction of the low sympathetic frequency component in −27.1 n.u. (95% CI: −39 to −15.2), increase of high parasympathetic frequency in 27.1 n.u. (95% CI: 15.2 to 39), and an improvement to the LF/HF ratio in −2.5 (95% CI: −3.8 to −1.2), when compared to the control group. BiPAP attenuated sympathetic activity and improved vagal modulation and autonomic balance at hospital discharge. These findings evidence that BiPAP enables more efficient autonomic mechanisms during hospitalization after cardiac surgery.

RESUMO O uso da pressão positiva de duplo nível nas vias aéreas (BiPAP) tem repercussões sobre desfechos cardiorrespiratórios. No entanto a influência da BiPAP na modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca ainda não foi explorada. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da BiPAP na saturação periférica de oxigênio, sinais vitais e balanço autonômico no período de hospitalização após cirurgia cardíaca. Este ensaio controlado e randomizado avaliou 36 pacientes no pré-operatório e na alta hospitalar. O grupo BiPAP recebeu tratamento 18 horas após a cirurgia até a alta hospitalar, em duas sessões diárias de 20 minutos associado à fisioterapia de rotina. O grupo controle recebeu apenas a fisioterapia de rotina durante o mesmo período. O desfecho primário foi a saturação periférica de oxigênio, enquanto os desfechos secundários foram sinais vitais e equilíbrio autonômico avaliado pela variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (alta frequência - HF, baixa frequência - LF, relação LF/HF). Observou-se que a saturação periférica de oxigênio e a pressão arterial não se alteraram na alta hospitalar. Houve um aumento similar na frequência cardíaca e na frequência respiratória em ambos os grupos. O grupo BiPAP teve uma redução do componente LF (simpático) em −27,1 n.u. (IC 95% −39 a −15,2), aumento de HF (parassimpático) em 27,1 n.u. (IC 95% 15,2 a 39) e melhora na relação LF/HF em −2,5 (IC 95% −3,8 a −1,2) em comparação ao grupo controle. A BiPAP atenuou a atividade simpática, melhorou a modulação vagal e o equilíbrio autonômico na alta hospitalar. Esses achados evidenciam que a BiPAP possibilita mecanismos autonômicos mais eficientes durante a hospitalização após a cirurgia cardíaca.

RESUMEN El uso de la presión positiva de doble nivel en las vías respiratorias (BiPAP) tiene impacto en los resultados cardiorrespiratorios. Pero todavía no se sabe la influencia de la BiPAP en la modulación del sistema nervioso autónomo en el posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la BiPAP sobre la saturación periférica de oxígeno, los signos vitales y el equilibrio autonómico en el periodo de hospitalización después de la cirugía cardíaca. Este ensayo controlado aleatorizado evaluó a 36 pacientes antes de la operación y al alta hospitalaria. El grupo BiPAP recibió tratamiento 18 horas después de la cirugía hasta el alta hospitalaria, en dos sesiones diarias de 20 minutos cada, asociado a la fisioterapia habitual. El grupo de control recibió solo fisioterapia habitual durante el mismo periodo. El resultado primario fue la saturación periférica de oxígeno, mientras que los resultados secundarios fueron los signos vitales y el equilibrio autonómico evaluados por la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (frecuencia alta - HF, frecuencia baja - LF, relación LF/HF). Se observó que la saturación periférica de oxígeno y la presión arterial no presentaron cambios al alta hospitalaria. Hubo un aumento similar en la frecuencia cardíaca y la frecuencia respiratoria en ambos grupos. El grupo BiPAP tuvo una reducción del componente LF (simpático) en −27,1 n.u. (IC 95% −39 a −15,2), incremento de HF (parasimpático) en 27,1 n.u. (IC 95% 15,2 a 39) y mejora en la relación LF/HF en −2,5 (IC 95% −3,8 a −1,2) en comparación con el grupo de control. La BiPAP redujo la actividad simpática y mejoró la modulación vagal y el equilibrio autonómico al alta hospitalaria. Estos hallazgos muestran que la BiPAP permite mecanismos autonómicos más eficientes durante la hospitalización después de una cirugía cardíaca.

Vitamins C and E Associated With Cryotherapy in the Recovery of the Inflammatory Response After Resistance Exercise: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

ABSTRACT: de Brito, E, Teixeira, AdO, Righi, NC, Paulitcth, FdS, da Silva, AMV, and Signori, LU. Vitamins C and E associated with cryotherapy in the recovery of the inflammatory response after resistance exercise: A randomized clinical trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 135-141, 2022-The objective of this research was to compare the effects of cryotherapy associated with vitamins (C and E) on the recovery of the inflammatory response from the resistance exercise (RE) session of untrained volunteers. Fourteen subjects (26.2 ± 5 years old, 25.8 ± 3 kg·m-2) underwent 4 sessions of RE with different forms of recovery. The RE consisted of 4 sets of 10 maximal repetitions for each exercise (extensor bench, squat, and leg press). The recoveries were randomized and comprised the passive (control), with vitamins C (1 g) and E (800 UI) supplementation 40 minutes before exercise, with cryotherapy (immersion in water 15° C for 10 minutes), and the association (vitamins and cryotherapy). Hemogram, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and creatine kinase [CK]), and parameters of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation [LPO] and antioxidant capacity against radical peroxyl) were evaluated before (baseline) and after (0, 30, and 120 minutes) the RE sessions. Muscle pain (primary outcome) was evaluated 24 hours after exercise. C-reactive protein (p = 0.010) and LPO (p < 0.001) increased (120 minutes) only in passive recovery. Recovery with cryotherapy (30 minutes), with vitamins and the association (0 and 30 minutes) delayed increases in CK (p < 0.001). Antioxidant capacity against radical peroxyl increased (30 minutes) only in recovery with the association (p < 0.011). The pain decreased in the recoveries with cryotherapy and association (p < 0.001). The association of vitamins (C and E) with cryotherapy attenuated the inflammatory response and pain, favoring recovery after an acute RE session.

Combined aerobic and strength training for fitness outcomes in heart failure: meta-analysis and meta-regression.

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of combined training (CT) versus aerobic training (AT) or versus control on VO2 peak and quadriceps muscle strength in patients with heart failure (HF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Major electronic databases were searched, from inception to November 2020, for randomized clinical trials comparing the effects of CT against AT or control on VO2 peak and/or quadriceps muscle strength in patients with HF. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted, calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD). RESULTS: Twenty-eight articles were included. An increase on VO2 peak (SMD = 0.77, 95%CI 0.39-1.14, I2=80.1%) and quadriceps muscle strength (SMD = 0.67, 95%CI 0.18-1.16, I2=0%) was found in CT compared to control. CT increased quadriceps muscle strength, versus AT (SMD = 0.44, 95%CI 0.15-0.74, I2=0%). There were no differences between CT and AT on VO2 peak (SMD=-0.01, 95%CI -0.36 to 0.34, I2=65%). Time of session and training duration moderate the effects of CT over control on VO2 peak. CONCLUSIONS: CT promotes increases on quadriceps muscle strength and aerobic capacity over control and provides additional gains on quadriceps muscle strength, having the same effects on VO2 peak compared to AT. A longer time of session is associated with greater benefits to aerobic capacity.Implications for rehabilitationCombining aerobic and strength training increases the functional capacity and quadriceps muscle strength in heart failure patients.Using longer sessions of training has a greater impact on aerobic capacity.

Effect of high-intensity interval training protocols on VO2max and HbA1c level in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols according to different work intervals, session volumes and training periods has not been evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of HIIT and its different protocols compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and the control group on VO2max and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in patients with T2DM. METHODS: The search strategy considered studies published up to September 2020 in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus. Two authors independently searched the selected databases for randomized clinical trials that compared HIIT to MICT or the control in adults with T2DM. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed and the data are presented as the mean difference (95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) between HIIT, MICT and control groups. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies (738 participants) were included. Overall, HIIT increased VO2max by 5.09 mL/kg/min (95% CI 2.99; 7.19, I² = 80.89) versus the control and by 1.9 mL/kg/min (95% CI 0.81; 2.98, I² = 25.62) versus MICT. HIIT promoted a significant reduction in HbA1c level of -0.8% (95% CI -1.06; -0.49, I² = 77.31) versus the control but with no difference versus MICT. Moderate-interval, high-volume and long-term training promoted a greater increase in VO2max. A long interval and moderate volume and period conferred a greater increase in VO2max versus MICT. A short interval and moderate volume and period conferred a greater reduction in HbA1c level versus the control. No publication bias was detected, as evaluated by a funnel chart and Egger's test (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As compared with MICT, HIIT had better effect on VO2max and a similar effect on HbA1C level. Interval protocols, moderate to long training period and moderate to high volume may maximize the HIIT effect in patients with T2DM.

Effects of the breath stacking technique after upper abdominal surgery: a randomized clinical trial / Efeitos da técnica de breath stacking após cirurgia abdominal alta: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of the association of the breath stacking (BS) technique associated with routine physiotherapy on pulmonary function, lung volumes, maximum respiratory pressures, vital signs, peripheral oxygenation, thoracoabdominal mobility, and pain in the surgical incision in patients submitted to upper abdominal surgery during the postoperative period, as well as to analyze BS safety. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial involving 34 patients divided into a control group (CG; n = 16), who underwent conventional physiotherapy only, and the BS group (BSG; n = 18), who underwent conventional physiotherapy and BS. Both groups performed two daily sessions from postoperative day 2 until hospital discharge. The primary outcomes were FVC and Vt. The safety of BS was assessed by the incidence of gastrointestinal, hemodynamic, and respiratory repercussions. Results: Although FVC significantly increased at hospital discharge in both groups, the effect was greater on the BSG. Significant increases in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25-75% occurred only in the BSG. There were also significant increases in Ve and Vt in the BSG, but not when compared with the CG values at discharge. MIP and MEP significantly increased in both groups, with a greater effect on the BSG. There was a significant decrease in RR, as well as a significant increase in SpO2 only in the BSG. SpO2 acutely increased after BS; however, no changes were observed in the degree of dyspnea, vital signs, or signs of respiratory distress, and no gastrointestinal and hemodynamic repercussions were observed. Conclusions: BS has proven to be safe and effective for recovering pulmonary function; improving lung volumes, maximum respiratory pressures, and peripheral oxygenation; and reducing respiratory work during the postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da técnica de breath stacking (BS) associada à fisioterapia de rotina na função pulmonar, volumes pulmonares, pressões respiratórias máximas, sinais vitais, oxigenação periférica, mobilidade toracoabdominal e dor na incisão cirúrgica em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal alta, bem como analisar a segurança do BS. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado com 34 pacientes divididos em grupo controle (n = 16), que realizou apenas a fisioterapia convencional, e grupo BS (n = 18), que realizou a fisioterapia convencional e BS. Ambos os grupos realizaram duas sessões diárias desde o 2º dia do pós-operatório até a alta hospitalar. Os desfechos primários foram CVF e Vt. A segurança do BS foi avaliada pela incidência de repercussões gastrointestinais, hemodinâmicas e respiratórias. Resultados: Embora a CVF tenha aumentado significativamente no momento da alta hospitalar em ambos os grupos, o efeito foi maior no grupo BS. Aumentos significativos do VEF1, VEF1/CVF, PFE e FEF25-75% ocorreram apenas no grupo BS. Também houve aumentos significativos do Ve e do Vt no grupo BS, mas não em comparação com os valores do grupo controle no momento da alta. A PImáx e a PEmáx aumentaram significativamente em ambos os grupos, com efeito maior no grupo BS. Houve uma diminuição significativa da FR e um aumento significativo da SpO2 apenas no grupo BS. A SpO2 aumentou agudamente após o BS; entretanto, não foram observadas alterações no grau de dispneia, sinais vitais e sinais de desconforto respiratório, e não foram observadas repercussões gastrointestinais e hemodinâmicas. Conclusões: O BS mostrou-se seguro e eficaz na recuperação da função pulmonar; melhoria dos volumes pulmonares, pressões respiratórias máximas e oxigenação periférica; e redução do trabalho respiratório no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal alta.

Electrolyte changes related to muscle pain after resistance exercises / Alterações eletrolíticas relacionadas à dor muscular após exercícios resistidos / Alteraciones electrolíticas relacionadas al dolor muscular después de ejercicios resistidos

ABSTRACT Introduction Resistance exercises (RE) performed at high intensity cause an inflammatory response and electrolyte abnormalities in blood plasma. Objectives To study the plasma electrolyte changes resulting from a high-intensity session of RE in untrained volunteers, and to correlate these with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Methods Twenty volunteers, aged 26.9 (±4.4) years, underwent an RE session. The workout (leg extension, squat and leg press) consisted of four sets of 10 maximum repetitions. Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+) were evaluated before the training (baseline), immediately (0 min), and 30 minutes after the RE. The DOMS was assessed 24 hours after the sessions. Results The Na+ increased immediately after the RE and returned to normal after 30 min (p<0.001). After 30 min, K+ increased compared to baseline levels and immediately after the RE (p<0.001). Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels did not change throughout the study. Changes in Na+ and K+ levels were correlated immediately (r=-0.511; p=0.021) and 30 min (r=-0.455; p=0.049) after RE. Plasma concentrations of Na+ 0 min were correlated (r=-0.520; p=0.018) with the DOMS. Conclusion High-intensity RE in untrained volunteers leads to changes in plasma concentrations of Na+ and K+. Na+ concentrations immediately after RE were related to DOMS; individuals that presented smaller alterations in this electrolyte reported more muscular pain. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Development of diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference "gold" standard).

RESUMO Introdução Os exercícios resistidos (ER) realizados em alta intensidade provocam uma resposta inflamatória e alterações eletrolíticas no plasma sanguíneo. Objetivo Estudar as alterações eletrolíticas plasmáticas resultantes de uma sessão de ER de alta intensidade em voluntários destreinados e correlacionar com a dor muscular de início tardio (DMIT). Métodos Vinte voluntários com 26,9 (±4,4) anos de idade foram submetidos à sessão de ER. A sessão de exercícios (cadeira extensora, agachamento e leg press) consistiu em quatro séries de 10 repetições máximas. Os eletrólitos (Na+, K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+) foram avaliados previamente (basal), imediatamente (0 min) e 30 minutos após os ER. A DMIT foi avaliada 24 horas após as sessões. Resultados O Na+ aumentou imediatamente após os ER e retornou ao normal após 30 min (p<0,001). Em 30 min, o K+ aumentou em relação aos valores basais e imediatamente após os ER (p<0,001). O Ca2+ e o Mg2+ não se modificaram ao longo do estudo. As alterações de Na+ e de K+ correlacionaram-se imediatamente (r=-0,511; p=0,021) e 30 min (r=-0,455; p=0,049) após os ER. As concentrações plasmáticas de Na+ 0 min correlacionam-se (r=-0,520; p=0,018) com a DMIT. Conclusão Os ER de alta intensidade em voluntários destreinados aumentaram as concentrações plasmáticas de Na+ e de K+. As concentrações de Na+ imediatamente após os ER correlacionaram-se com a DMIT, em que os indivíduos que apresentam menores alterações desse eletrólito sentem mais dor muscular. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos diagnósticos - Desenvolvimento de critérios diagnósticos em pacientes consecutivos (com padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado).

RESUMEN Introducción Los ejercicios resistidos (ER) realizados en alta intensidad provocan una respuesta inflamatoria y alteraciones electrolíticas en el plasma sanguíneo. Objetivo Estudiar las alteraciones electrolíticas plasmáticas resultantes de una sesión de ER de alta intensidad en voluntarios desentrenados y correlacionar con el dolor muscular de inicio tardío (DMIT). Métodos Veinte voluntarios con 26,9 (±4,4) años de edad fueron sometidos a la sesión de ER. La sesión de ejercicios (mesa extensora, sentadillas y leg press) consistió en cuatro series de 10 repeticiones máximas. Los electrólitos (Na+, K+, Ca2+ y Mg2+) fueron evaluados previamente (basal), inmediatamente (0 min) y 30 minutos después de los ER. La DMIT fue evaluada 24 horas después de las sesiones. Resultados El Na+ aumentó inmediatamente después de los ER y retornó a lo normal después de 30 min (p<0,001). En 30 min el K+ aumentó con relación a los valores basales e inmediatamente después de los ER (p<0,001). El Ca2+ y el Mg2+ no se modificaron a lo largo del estudio. Las alteraciones de Na+ y de K+ se correlacionaron inmediatamente (r=-0,511, p=0,021) y 30 min (r=-0,455, p=0,049) después de los ER. Las concentraciones plasmáticas de Na+ 0 min se correlacionan (r=-0,520, p=0,018) con la DMIT. Conclusión Los ER de alta intensidad en voluntarios desentrenados aumentaron las concentraciones plasmáticas de Na+ y de K+. Las concentraciones de Na+ inmediatamente después de los ER se correlacionaron con la DMIT, en que los individuos que presentan menores alteraciones de ese electrolito sienten más dolor muscular. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios diagnósticos - Desarrollo de criterios diagnósticos en pacientes consecutivos (con estándar de referencia "oro" aplicado).

Effects of vitamin C on oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle soreness, and strength following acute exercise: meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) seems to attenuate the overproduction of reactive species during and after exercises. Yet, no meta-analysis has summarized the magnitude of this effect. The objective of this study was to systematically review the effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, damage, soreness, and the musculoskeletal functionality after a single bout of exercise. METHODS: Major electronic databases were searched, from inception to September 2019, for placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress parameters, inflammation markers, muscle damage, muscle soreness, and muscle functionality after a single bout of exercise in healthy volunteers. Random-effects modelling was used to compare mean changes from pre- to postexercise in participants that were supplemented with vitamin C versus placebo. Data were reported as standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of 18 RCTs, accounting for 313 participants (62% males, median age = 24 years) were included. Vitamin C supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation immediately (SMD = - 0.488; 95% CI = - 0.888 to - 0.088), 1 h (SMD = - 0.521; 95% CI = - 0.911 to - 0.131) and between 1 and 2 h (SMD = - 0.449; 95% CI = - 0.772 to - 0.126) following exercise. Exercise induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) response was attenuated 2 h (SMD = - 0.764; 95% CI = - 1.279 to - 0.248) and between 1 and 2 h (SMD = - 0.447; 95% CI = - 0.828 to - 0.065) after exercise. No effects of vitamin C supplementation were found on creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol levels, muscle soreness, and muscle strength. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C supplementation attenuates the oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and inflammatory response (IL-6) to a single bout of exercise. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42018094222).

Combined platelet-rich plasma and cold water immersion treatment minimize the damage following a skeletal muscle stretch injury in rats.

The skeletal muscle stretch injuries are commonly observed in sports. In order to stimulate tissue healing, the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and cold water immersion (CWI) are widely used in clinical practice. This study investigated the effects of isolated or combined PRP and/or CWI on the oxidative damage determined by a stretch injury induced in gastrocnemius muscle of rats. PRP and CWI are applied immediately after the injury, and the biochemical analysis was performed after 1, 3, 5, or 7 days. The levels of o thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and oxidized dichlorofluorescein were significantly increased, both in skeletal muscle tissue and erythrocytes preparations, and the combined PRP and CWI minimized these parameters. Moreover, combined PRP and CWI were more effective than the isolated treatments to increase catalase activity, also the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione, and the non-protein thiols (-SH) group levels. In conclusion, we could infer that the combination of these regular treatments used in an isolated form shows a great potential for treatments of muscular injuries.

Male adult rat sperm parameters after skeletal muscle injury / Parâmetros espermáticos de ratos adultos após lesão músculo-esquelética / Parámetros espermáticos de ratas adultas después de lesión músculo-esquelética

ABSTRACT Introduction: Skeletal muscle injuries stimulate a systemic inflammatory response which may interfere in species reproduction. Objective: To evaluate the effects caused by skeletal muscle injuries on the inflammatory response and sperm parameters of male adult rats. Methods: The sample group was composed of 30 Wistar rats distributed evenly across control and injury groups. Muscle injury was induced by bruising, caused by the release of a 200 g weight from a height of 30 cm onto the gastrocnemius muscle. Blood (CBC and damage/muscle inflammation markers), muscle (oxidative stress) and gonad (sperm parameters) samples were collected 72h after the injury. Results: The muscle injury increased monocytes, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, the injury reduced antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), membrane integrity (36%) and sperm acrosome (33%). Membrane integrity and acrosome (p<0.05) correlate directly with ACAP (ρ=0.602; ρ=0.513 respectively) and inversely with monocytes (ρ=-0.703; ρ=-0.635, respectively), creatine kinase (ρ=-0.450; ρ=-0.603), C-reactive protein (ρ=-0.511; ρ=-0.703) and parameters of oxidative stress (ROS ρ=-0.703; ρ=-0.635; lipid peroxidation ρ=-0.494; ρ=-0.559). Conclusion: The acute systemic inflammatory response arising from skeletal muscle injury interferes in the male reproductive cell organelles (membrane and acrosome). Level of Evidence V; Experimental study.

RESUMO Introdução: As lesões músculo-esqueléticas estimulam uma resposta inflamatória sistêmica que pode interferir na reprodução das espécies. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos causados pelas lesões músculo-esqueléticas sobre a resposta inflamatória e os parâmetros espermáticos de ratos machos adultos. Métodos: O grupo da amostra foi composto por 30 ratos Wistar uniformemente distribuídos nos grupos controle e grupo lesionado. A lesão muscular foi induzida por meio de contusão, causada ao se soltar um peso de 200 g de uma altura de 30 cm sobre o músculo gastrocnêmio. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue (hemograma completo e marcadores de danos e inflamação muscular), músculo (estresse oxidativo) e gônadas (parâmetros espermáticos) 72 horas após a lesão. Resultados: A lesão muscular aumentou os monócitos, creatina quinase, proteína C-reativa, concentração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e lipoperoxidação. Por outro lado, a lesão reduziu a capacidade antioxidante contra os radicais peroxil (ACAP), a integridade da membrana (36%) e o acrossoma espermático (33%). A integridade da membrana e o acrossoma (p<0,05) se correlacionaram diretamente com ACAP (ρ=0,602; ρ=0,513 respectivamente) e inversamente com os monócitos (ρ=-0,703; ρ=-0,635, respectivamente), creatina quinase (ρ=-0,450; ρ=-0,603), proteína C-reativa (ρ=-0,511; ρ=-0,703) e parâmetros de estresse oxidativo (ROS ρ=-0,703; ρ=-0,635; lipoperoxidação ρ=-0,494; ρ=-0,559). Conclusão: A resposta inflamatória sistêmica aguda decorrente da lesão músculo-esquelética interfere nas organelas das células reprodutivas masculinas (membrana e acrossoma). Nível de evidência V; Estudo experimental.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las lesiones músculo-esqueléticas estimulan una respuesta inflamatoria sistémica que puede interferir en la reproducción de las especies. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos causados por las lesiones músculo-esqueléticas sobre la respuesta inflamatoria y los parámetros espermáticos de ratas macho adultas. Métodos: El grupo de la muestra fue compuesto por 30 ratas Wistar distribuidas uniformemente en los grupos control y grupo lesionado. La lesión muscular fue inducida por medio de contusión, causada al soltarse un peso de 200 g desde una altura de 30 cm sobre el músculo gastrocnemio. Fueron colectadas muestras de sangre (hemograma completo y marcadores de daños e inflamación muscular), músculo (estrés oxidativo) y gónadas (parámetros espermáticos) 72 horas después de la lesión. Resultados: La lesión muscular aumentó los monocitos, creatina quinasa, proteína C reactiva, concentración de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) y lipoperoxidación. Por otro lado, la lesión redujo la capacidad antioxidante contra los radicales peroxilo (ACAP), la integridad de la membrana (36%) y el acrosoma espermático (33%). La integridad de la membrana y el acrosoma (p<0,05) se correlacionan directamente con ACAP (ρ=0,602; ρ=0,513 respectivamente) e inversamente con los monocitos (ρ=-0,703; ρ=-0,635, respectivamente), creatina quinasa (ρ=-0,450, ρ=-0,603), proteína C reactiva (ρ=-0,511; ρ=-0,703) y parámetros de estrés oxidativo (ROS ρ=-0,703; ρ=-0,635; lipoperoxidación ρ=-0,494; ρ=-0,559). Conclusión: La respuesta inflamatoria sistémica aguda proveniente de la lesión músculo-esquelética interfiere en los orgánulos de las células reproductivas masculinas (membrana y acrosoma). Nivel de evidencia V; Estudio experimental.

Impacto sobre a capacidade funcional e cognitiva em idosos após um ano de institucionalização / Impact on functional and cognitive capacity in elderly after a year of institutionalization

Objetivo: Acompanhar por um ano as modificações da capacidade funcional e cognitiva de idosos institucionalizados. Métodos: A pesquisa se caracteriza em coorte prospectivo, compreendendo uma amostra de 41 idosos institucionalizados, com idade de 80,0 ±10,6 anos, sendo 32 (78,8%) do sexo feminino. As coletas de dados foram realizadas em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos, na cidade de Cachoeira do Sul/RS. O perí­odo de coleta de dados foi entre janeiro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017. A capacidade cognitiva foi avaliada pelo teste de cognição Mini-Exame de Estado Mental (MEEM) e a capacidade funcional pela Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF). Resultados: Durante o perí­odo de um ano, a capacidade funcional reduziu 7,6% (p = 0,003) e a capacidade cognitiva reduziu 6,7% (p = 0,001). A correlação entre as capacidades funcional e cognitiva no ano de 2016 e 2017 foram respectivamente de r = 0,478 e r = 0,505. A regressão linear demonstrou que durante o perí­odo a capacidade funcional influenciou em 25% (r² = 0,247) na capacidade cognitiva e que para cada 1 ponto da MIF, diminui 0,1 ponto do MEEM (p = 0,001). Conclusão: Durante o perí­odo de um ano, observou-se a redução das capacidades funcional e cognitiva de idosos institucionalizados. (AU)

Objective: To monitor for one year the changes in functional and cognitive capacity of institutionalized elderly. Methods: The study is a prospective cohort of 41 institutionalized elderly, aged 80.0 ± 10.6 years, 32 (78.8%) being female. Data were collected at a Long-Term Care Institution for the Elderly, in the city of Cachoeira do Sul/RS. The data collection period was between January 2016 and February 2017. The cognitive ability was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test and functional capacity by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Results: During the one-year period, functional capacity decreased by 7.6% (p = 0.003) and cognitive capacity decreased by 6.7% (p = 0.001). The correlation between the functional and cognitive capacities in the year 2016 and 2017 were respectively r = 0.478 and r = 0.505. The linear regression showed that functional capacity influenced 25% (r² = 0.247) in cognitive capacity during the period and that for each 1 point of FIM, 0,1 point of MMSE decreased (p = 0.001). Conclusion: During the one-year period, the functional and cognitive abilities of the institutionalized elderly were reduced. (Au)